I needed to know the exact version of our SQL Server installation (in order to determine if test and production were the same). Turns out there is a superb script posted on TechNet to do just that.

You can download it here: https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/Determining-which-version-af0f16f6

It generates output like this:

----------------------------------------------------------
--//Your current Microsoft SQL Server information:
----------------------------------------------------------
Product Version:          12.0.2269.0
Product Name:             SQL Server 2014
Product Level:            RTM + Security update(GDR)
Product Edition:          Developer Edition (64-bit)
----------------------------------------------------------
Note, if you want to know information about CU, you need to intall
SQL Server 2014 RTM Cumulative Update 10. CU10, <https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3094220>
                                                  – see KB3094220 to get the Cumulative Update 10
----------------------------------------------------------
Support Lifecycle stage: Mainstream Support Phase. For additional information refer to 
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/search?sort=PN&alpha=SQL%20Server&Filter=FilterNO, and Q6, Q18
in the FAQ section of Support Lifecycle page at: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle#gp/lifePolicy
----------------------------------------------------------
Full information:
Microsoft SQL Server 2014 - 12.0.2269.0 (X64) 
	Jun 10 2015 03:35:45 
	Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
	Developer Edition (64-bit) on Windows NT 6.3  (Build 10586: ) (Hypervisor)

----------------------------------------------------------
--//Recommended updates: 
--### RTM -> QFE or GDR
--### SP  -> QFE or GDR
--### QFE -> QFE
--### GDR -> GDR or QFE
----------------------------------------------------------
Install the latest service pack:              SP1, <https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3058865>
Install the latest Cumulative Update (CU) of SP1:  CU6, <https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3144524>
 
----------------------------------------------------------
###### QFE branch updates
----------------------------------------------------------
12.0.2548 (SQL Server 2014 RTM QFE) http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3045323
----------------------------------------------------------
###### GDR branch updates
----------------------------------------------------------
12.0.2254 (SQL Server 2014 RTM GDR) http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2977315/en-us
12.0.2269 (SQL Server 2014 RTM GDR) http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3045324
12.0.4213 (SQL Server 2014 SP1 GDR) https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3070446
----------------------------------------------------------
Note, if you don’t want to upgrade to latest service pack right now, we recommend you install the latest
Cumulative Update CU13 of SQL Server 2014 RTM.
Install the latest Cumulative Update (CU) of RTM: CU13, <https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3144517>


----------------------------------------------------------
--//You can upgrade to any of the following product(s):
----------------------------------------------------------
SQL Server 2016 Enterprise
SQL Server 2016 Business Intelligence
SQL Server 2016 Standard
SQL Server 2016 Web
SQL Server 2016 Developer


For additional information about supported version and edition upgrades refer to:
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143393(v=sql.120).aspx

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